The male latex condom is the only barrier method that has been
shown in human studies to prevent the transmission of all types
of STDs, including HIV, the virus that leads to AIDS. The female
condom may prove to be as effective as the male condom, but
studies have not been completed.
Other female-controlled barrier methods protect against disease
in varying degrees. Spermicides containing nonoxynol-9, or N-9,
protect against common bacterial STDs and have been found to
inactivate HIV in the laboratory. Their effect on HIV transmission
in humans is under study. The diaphragm with N-9 offers some
protection against bacterial STDs, while the cervical cap with
N-9 may also offer such protection. The effect of the diaphragm
and cervical cap on HIV transmission is not known. The vaginal
wall is still exposed when a diaphragm or cervical cap is in
place and could provide points of entry for STDs, including
HIV.
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