The VCT model begins with a young adult's decision to seek
testing. This is followed by pretest counseling, in which the
counselor discusses with the youth the test process, the implications
of testing, risk assessment and risk prevention, and coping
strategies for whatever the test result may be. After this counseling
session, the youth then decides whether or not to proceed with
an HIV/AIDS test.
If the youth decides not to be tested, the counselor advises
the youth of ways to protect him or herself and his or her future
partners.
If the youth decides to be tested, the test is followed up
with posttest counseling based on the result of the test. Regardless
if the test is positive or negative for HIV infection, the test
result is given, a risk-reduction plan is made, and the youth
and counselor discuss a risk-reduction plan. This is followed
up with appropriate medical care and emotion and social support.
It is important to remember that both positive and negative
test results warrant counseling. A youth who tests negative
for HIV may be relieved, but also needs to understand how to
preserve their negative serostatus. A youth who tests positive
for HIV needs to be informed of the best ways to preserve his
or her own health, and how to protect the health of others.
Youth who test positive for HIV also require emotional counseling.
It is important for the counselor to be nonjudgmental, to establish
rapport, and to instill hope in young people, especially those
who test positive.
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