Do Condom Characteristics Influence Use?

Network: Spring 1998, Vol. 18, No. 3

Loss of sensation, inability to maintain an erection, discomfort and interruption of foreplay are among major reasons people cite for not using condoms. Attributes of the condom itself might address some of these concerns.

For example, research has shown that consumers prefer lubricated condoms, which can reduce discomfort and make them easier to use, and most condoms are now pre-lubricated.1 Changes in condom shape and thickness might also help address some users' problems. However, research has generally found that different materials, widths and latex formulations result in little change in consumer preference.

Only a few studies have examined acceptability of condoms according to thickness. "Results suggest that many men prefer thinner condoms," says Alan Spruyt, FHI senior research analyst who has studied condom acceptability. "But more research is needed on this issue."

Studies have also examined whether condoms of various widths and latex formulation might improve condom acceptability. The results did not suggest that most people would consistently choose a wider or narrower condom width over a standard condom.

In other research, participants compared a standard latex condom with an experimental latex condom that fits loosely over the tip of the penis, a design intended to be more pleasant for men. Despite being thicker, men reported the experimental condom was at least as pleasurable and comfortable as the standard condom.2

Developers of non-latex condoms are attempting to address shortcomings of latex condoms. Synthetic condoms may seem more natural because these materials allow the transfer of more body heat between partners than does latex. Also, they do not usually have an odor as does latex and do not deteriorate with the use of oil-based lubricants as does latex.

In a U.S. study among 800 couples using both latex and polyurethane condoms, men reported the latex condom was easier to put on but resulted in more frequent penile constriction than a polyurethane condom.3 In a similar study among 360 couples, participants reported more difficulty unrolling the polyurethane condom but more problems with penile constriction with the latex condoms. Both men and women said the polyurethane condom broke and stretched out of shape more often, while the latex condom allowed less stimulation. Polyurethane condoms received better ratings for sensitivity, odor and overall lubricant preference, while latex condoms were given higher ratings for fit and dependability.4 Currently, one synthetic male condom is available in the United States and four European countries, sold under the brand name Avanti.

-- William R. Finger

References

1. Steiner M, Piedrahita C, Glover L, et al. The impact of lubricants on latex condoms during vaginal intercourse. Int J STD AIDS 1994;
2. 5(1):29-36.
3. Trussell J, Warner DL, Hatcher RA. Condom slippage and breakage rates. Fam Plann Perspect 1992;24(1):20-23.
4. Nelson A, Bernstein GS, Frezieres R, et al. Study of the efficacy, acceptability and safety of a non-latex (polyurethane) male condom - final report, NIH contract NO1-HD-1-3109. Unpublished paper. National Institutes of Health, 1997.
5. Nelson A, Frezieres R, Walsh T, et al. Controlled, randomized evaluation of a commercially available polyurethane and latex condom (Avanti versus Ramses Sensitol) - final report, NIH contract NO1-HD-1-3109. Unpublished paper. National Institutes of Health, 1996.