Female barrier methods include the diaphragm, female condom and spermicides. A number of experimental devices and microbicidal products are under development. In general, female barrier methods are not as effective in preventing pregnancy as other modern methods, but provide a degree of protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Correct and consistent use of the male latex condom offers the best barrier protection against infections.
In this issue
Microbicide Products Enter Human Trials
Scientists are evaluating more than 50 experimental substances as possible vaginal microbicides to protect against HIV and other diseases. Experimental microbicides in or nearing human trials use a variety of mechanisms. Microbicide research faces challenges, including how to determine effectiveness. Meanwhile, research is also examining the possible use of commercially available spermicides as microbicides.
How Effective Are Spermicides?
While spermicides appeal to some women, users should not expect substantial protection against pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases. Nevertheless, they are often available without a prescription or provider's help, and using them is easy and can sometimes be done without a partner's knowledge.
New Devices May Be Easier to Use
Future versions of cervical caps and diaphragms should be easier to insert and remove. Development of new contraceptive sponges seeks to reduce vaginal irritation by lowering spermicide doses.
Female Condom Reuse Examined
If a female condom can be used safely and effectively more than once, the method would be less expensive for people to use. Early research by FHI and University of the Witwatersrand in Soweto, South Africa, on reuse is encouraging. Meanwhile, a recent Zimbabwe project promotes female condom use, illustrating the limitations of generating widespread public interest in the device.
User, Partner Attitudes Influence Barrier Use
At a time when AIDS has become a devastating public health problem, the role of female barrier methods to prevent sexually transmitted diseases has taken on new importance. Scientists are examining how and why couples use barrier methods, and what they like or do not like about them. Promoting partner communication among users is one aspect of how barrier methods can be used more effectively.
Click to select preferred language, if other than English: French | Spanish.
