An IUD is a small device inserted into a woman's uterine cavity to prevent pregnancy. The IUD containing copper (CuT 380A) is the most commonly used and is effective for up to 12 years.
How does the copper IUD work? (mechanism of action)
Prevents fertilization by:
Impairing viability of sperm
Interfering with sperm movement
Who can have an IUD inserted?
Women of any reproductive age or parity, including young and nulliparous women
Women who have no health conditions that preclude the use of an IUD
Who should not have an IUD inserted?
Women who have the following conditions (contraindications):
Pregnancy
Septic infection following childbirth or abortion (for immediate postpartum or post-abortal insertions)
Unexplained vaginal bleeding (before evaluation)
Cervical, endometrial or ovarian cancer
Current PID
Current purulent cervicitis (gonorrhea or chlamydia)
Malignant gestational trophoblastic disease
Known pelvic tuberculosis
Uterine fibroid or other anatomical abnormalities resulting in distortion of the uterine cavity, which is incompatible with IUD insertion
(For more information, see WHO eligibility criteria.)
Advantages
Highly effective
No constant supplies needed
Easy to use
Does not interfere with intercourse
Quick return to fertility
Disadvantages
Provider needed to initiate and discontinue use
May cause minor pain and/or discomfort during insertion and removal procedures
Has common side effects (complications, such as PID or uterine perforation, are rare)
Small risk of expulsion (woman needs to check for IUD strings after menses)
