- Expanding the global response to HIV/AIDS through focused action: Reducing risk and vulnerability: definitions, rationale and pathways. UNAIDS Best Practices Collection. 1998.
- Framework for Global Leadership on HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS/Program Coordinating Board (10)(00.3). Nov. 2, 2000.
- Phiri S, Foster G, Nzima M. Expanding and strengthening community action: A study to explore ways to scale up effective, sustainable community mobilization interventions to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on children and families. Washington: Displaced Children and Orphans Fund of USAID, 2001.
- Together we can: Leadership in a world of AIDS. UNAIDS. June 2001.
- ECR Definition
- ECR – The mobilization of adequate resources and organizational capacity to effectively and rapidly deliver an expanded and comprehensive response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic
Acknowledgements
The editors would like to gratefully acknowledge the expert assistance provided by the many individuals and organizations that helped create this Expanded and Comprehensive Response (ECR) Handbook.
In January 2001, Family Health International convened a consultation in Arlington, Va., with representatives of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Management Sciences for Health, Merck, National AIDS Coordinating Agency of Botswana, Population Council/Horizons, UNAIDS, USAID and World Visions. It was here that the concept for this document – a user-friendly collection of separate modules – was born.
After much hard work by authors, reviewers and others, FHI field-tested the modules in Kenya (April 2001) and Nigeria (July 2001) in collaboration with the National Action Committee on AIDS (NACA) in Nigeria and the National AIDS Control Program (NACP) in Kenya. The tests took place at the national and state levels in Nigeria and at the national and provincial levels in Kenya with representation from the donor agency, non-governmental organizations and public and private sector voices. The meetings were well attended and helped to refine and further develop the modules.
We extend a special thank you to Horizons/Alliance for providing an advance copy of A Question of Scale?: The Challenge of Expanding the Impact of Non-Governmental Organisations' HIV/AIDS Efforts in Developing Countries (publication date 2001), which was adapted for Module 4: NGO Involvement in ECR.
Specifically, we wish to recognize the following for their work on the ECR modules.
Contributing authors: Rene Bonnel, PhD (World Bank); Gail Goodridge, MS (FHI); Hilary Hughes, MPhil (FHI consultant); Peter Lamptey, MD, DrPH (FHI); Carol Larivee, MA (FHI); Joan McNeil, PhD (FHI); Stephen Mills, MPH (FHI); Sheila Mitchell, MBA (FHI); Arletty Pinel, MD (FHI); Kristen Ruckstuhl, MA (FHI); Helena Walkowiak, MSc (MSH); and Paul Zeitz, DO, MPH (FHI consultant).
Reviewers (from FHI): Gina Dallabetta, MD; Maggie Diebel, RN, MPH; John McWilliam, MSc; Sheila Mitchell, MBA; Olufemi Oke, MD, MPA; Kristen Ruckstuhl, MA; Gloria Sangiwa, MD; Eric van Praag, MD, MPH; and Tom Ventimiglia, MPH.
Coordination of Handbook: Kristen Ruckstuhl, MA, and Lembe Tayilo.
Peter R. Lamptey, MD, DrPH
Executive Vice President and
Chief Operating Officer
HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Programs
Family Health International
Acronyms
ACU AIDS Control Unit
AFB Acid Fast Bacilli
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ANC Antenatal Clinic
API AIDS Program Index
ART Antiretroviral Therapy
ARV Antiretroviral
BCC Behavior Change Communication
BCHP Botswana Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership
BCI Behavior Change Intervention
BSS Behavioral Surveillance Survey
CACC Constituency AIDS Control Committee
CACS Community AIDS Coordinating Committee
CBO Community-based Organization
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CSW Commercial Sex Worker
DACC District AIDS Control Committee
DHS Demographic Health Survey
DOTS Directly Observed Therapy Short Course (for tuberculosis)
DRI District Response Initiative
DTF District Task Force
ECR Expanded and Comprehensive Response
ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Assay
FAMS Financial and Administrative Management System
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FHI Family Health International
GNP Gross National Product
GOK Government of Kenya
HAART Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
HCV Hepatitis C Virus
HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HORIZONTEC Horizontal Technical Cooperation Group
IAPP International Accounting Principles and Practices
IDA International Development Association
IDP Internally Displaced Person
IDU Intravenous Drug Use
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IMF International Monetary Fund
IPAA International Partnership Against AIDS in Africa
IPPF International Planned Parenthood Federation
IPRSP Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
LSHTM London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
MPT-III Third Medium Term Plan
MSF Médecins Sans Frontières
MSM Men Who Have Sex With Men
MTCT Mother-To-Child Transmission
MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework
NACC National AIDS Control Council
NASTLP National HIV/AIDS, STD, TB and Leprosy Program
NDP National Drug Policy
NGO Non-governmental Organization
NHAC/S National HIV/AIDS Council and Secretariat
NIS Newly Independent States
OI Opportunistic Infection
OVC Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children
PACC Provincial AIDS Control Committee
PAF Poverty Action Fund (Uganda)
PAHO Pan American Health Organization
PEAP Poverty Eradication Action Plan (Uganda)
PLA Participatory Learning for Action
PLHA People Living With HIV/AIDS
PMT Poverty Monitoring Team
PMTCT Perinatal Mother-To-Child Transmission
PRAF Poverty Reduction Action Fund
PRGF Poverty Reduction Growth Facility
PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
PSI Population Services International
PTG Potential Target Group
PTCT Parent-to-Child-Transmission
PVO Private Voluntary Organization
RAT Regional AIDS Training Network
SOP Standard Operating Procedure
SPA Service Provision Assessment
STG Standard Treatment Guideline
STI Sexually Transmitted Infection
SWAP Sector-wide Approach Program
TA Technical Assistance
TASO The AIDS Support Organization (Uganda)
TB Tuberculosis
TI Transparency International
TOT Trainer of Trainers
TRIPS Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights
U United Nations
UNAIDS United Nations Joint Special Program Against HIV/AIDS
UNDP United Nations Development Program
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
USAID United States Agency for International Development
USD United States Dollar
VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
WTO World Trade Organization
This work was supported in part by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as part of Family Health International's Implementing AIDS Prevention and Care (IMPACT) Project (Cooperative Agreement HRN-A-00-97-0017-00).
© 2001 Family Health International (FHI). All rights reserved. This book may be freely reviewed, quoted, reproduced or translated, in full or in part, provided the source is acknowledged. This book may not be sold or used in conjunction with commercial purposes.
The views expressed in this book do not necessarily reflect the views of FHI or USAID. The mention of specific companies or products implies no endorsement and does not suggest that they are recommended by FHI or USAID over others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
Family Health International HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Department, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA. Telephone: 1-703-516-9779
Fax: 1-703-516-9781
ISBN 1-931547-03-3
