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In this guide, we consider why we map, where we get maps, what we map and how we map.Why Do We Map?We map in order to learn about: Boundaries of an area The size, approximate population and dispersion of an area Sub-divisions in an area Major target groups, such as sex workers, truckers, migrant workers, traders, students Major target areas, such as sex work neighbourhoods, truck stops, military bases, schools The possible size of different target groups and areas Major stable and mobile target groups and the relative size of each Potential interactions in an area, for example, between stable and mobile populations, military bases and sex work neighbourhoods or truck stops and schools Commerce, particularly commerce related to HIV transmission, including major sources of employment, nightclubs, bars and other liquour outlets Health, education, social and NGO services in an area Security and crime in an area Provisional zones, or discrete sub-divisions, in an area The visible social and sexual culture of an area Potential interventions The approximate resources required for interventions Where Do We Get Maps?We may be able to get maps from the following sources: The ministry/department of lands The surveyor's office Local government authority town planning, housing or engineering departments The census bureau. Their maps of enumeration areas include footpaths and obstacles and are thus very useful Universities, archives or public libraries Development agencies working in an area, especially water and urban and rural development organizations Private corporations working in an area, especially mines, plantations and oil companies, who may have their own cartographers Aerial photograph agencies, such as mineral and agricultural surveyors Satellite mapping agencies. These are often more up-to-date than hand-drawn maps What Do We Map?We map the following: Major external boundaries and internal divisions Major industrial centers Major commercial centers Major agricultural centers Major uniformed service bases Upper-income residential areas Lower-income, formal-housing residential areas Lower-income, informal-housing, authorized, residential areas Lower income, informal-housing, unauthorized, residential areas Major migrant worker settlements or transit points Major highways and public transportation arteries. Sexual risk behaviour is often more common along such routes Border posts Sex work neighbourhoods and residential areas Nightlife (bars/hotel/nightclub) areas Hospitals, clinics and informal health/drug providers. In some countries, drugs are also sold informally at markets or bus stations Colleges and schools Social services, youth centres and NGOs Religious centres How Do We map?We use the following steps: We begin by studying the map carefully, noting major industrial, commercial and agricultural centers We then consult with people who are familiar with a project area, asking them to provide further detail We then drive slowly throughout an area, familiarizing ourselves with the site and noting major features. During this drive, we also develop a plan to map the site in greater detail, by sub-dividing it into smaller, more manageable units and identifying focal points for further mapping Armed with our maps, we then either walk through the site, if it is small enough, or drive to focal points, then walk through the site. During our walk/drive, we map the major features noted above We then develop a detailed key for each of the features mapped We then transfer our rough mapping onto a new map, complete with a key and a full list of all sites During the mapping, we also note the following, which will influence intervention development: - What is the latest estimate of the population of the project area o How geographically dispersed is the project area? - What proportion of the project area consists of informal settlements? In general, infrastructure, health and educational facilities are more limited in informal settlements o How good is public transport, both during the day and at night? - How safe is the entire project area and its sub-areas? If violent crime is common at night, this will reduce night intervention activities. If it is even unsafe in daylight, this will affect intervention design and delivery On the basis of this mapping information, we begin to examine whether it is feasible to initiate interventions in the entire site, or whether we must limit ourselves to sub-sites. In deciding, we should consider these factors: o If the project area's population is over 1 million people, it may be advisable to limit ourselves, at least initially, to sub-sites o In widely dispersed areas, it is harder to begin interventions in the entire area o In sites consisting largely of informal settlements, it may be harder to cover the entire site. If the settlements are unauthorized, it may be even harder to conduct an assessment or intervention, because of mobility, official discouragement or inhabitants' distrust
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