Table of Contents
Executive Summary
I. Country Program Description
A. Introduction
B. Country Program Context: A Focus on Bangkok
C. Accomplishments and Constraints
D. Implementation and Management Issues
II. Lessons Learned and Recommendations
III. Subproject Highlights
VI. Attachments (See Below)
Annex 1: List of References
Glossary of Acronyms
IV. Attachments
Attachment A. Country Program Financial Summaries
LOP Funding/Estimated Expenditures
|
USAID Funding |
Obligated Funds |
|
ANE Bureau |
829,815 |
|
Project Core Funds |
5,610,174 |
|
Total Obligated Funds |
6,439,989 |
|
Expense Detail Summary |
Estimated Expenses |
|
I. Subgrants |
|
Asian Institute for Health Development |
345,215 |
|
Association for the Promotion of the Status of Women |
31,813 |
|
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration |
20,775 |
|
Chulalongkorn University |
26,109 |
|
Department of Health, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration: Support for the Operating Center of the BAC |
100,666 |
|
Department of Health, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration: Upgrading the BMA STD Clinic and Outreach Network |
348,001 |
|
Foundation for Thailand Rural Reconstruction Movement |
803,468 |
|
Johns Hopkins University |
354,752 |
|
Mahidol University Faculty of Public Health |
199,487 |
|
Ministry of Public Health of Thailand: TA to Strengthen the Health Education Subcommittee on AIDS |
30,397 |
|
Ministry of Public Health of Thailand: Upgrading the Bangkok Metropolitan Area STD Clinics |
12,257 |
|
Office for Population & Technical Assistance: Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance |
170,162 |
|
Office for Population and Technical Assistance: Sentinel Surveillance of KABP Related to AIDS and STDs |
182,701 |
|
Planned Parenthood Association of Thailand |
191,810 |
|
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health: HIV Dipstick |
87,958 |
|
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health: Mass Media Campaign |
361,419 |
|
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health: Model STD Intervention for Pharmacists in Thailand |
119,690 |
|
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health: TA to Private STD Clinics |
124,877 |
|
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health: TA to Service Worker Outreach Project 11 |
79,675 |
|
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health: TA to Worksite AIDS Communication Projects in Bangkok |
296,929 |
|
School of Public Health, Mahidol University: Strengthening DACs in Coordinating Community Mobilization |
75,415 |
|
Thai Association for Voluntary Sterilization |
70,974 |
|
Thai Medical Society for the Study of STDs |
95,065 |
|
Thai Red Cross Society |
13,981 |
|
Thailand Rural Reconstruction Movement |
393,996 |
|
World Vision Relief and Development |
392,355 |
|
Total Subgrants |
4,929,947 |
|
II. Country Program Support |
1,510,942 |
|
LOP Projected Expenses |
6,439,989 |
* Country Support consists of country office costs, direct funded activities (e.g., international conference participation, micro-grants, trainings), technical assistance, evaluation, etc.
Attachment B. Summary of Technical Assistance
The AIDSCAP cooperative agreement was awarded in August of 1991. Enormous amounts of formal and informal on-site technical assistance (TA) was utilized from a range of local and international technical specialists. The following list presents the name of the TA provider, the date the TA occurred and the general nature of the TA. This list is obviously not inclusive and omits many valuable contributions. Nevertheless, it is indisputable that the most significant, external, TA inputs to the Program came from the Asia Regional Office staff during 1992. These individuals functioned as the strategic design team and technical overseers as the Program was launched. Ultimately, the two Resident Advisors must share most of the responsibility for any shortcomings of the Thailand Country Program.
|
1991 |
|
July: |
Peter Lamptey: preparatory steps in the event that FHI wins the AIDSCAP CA |
|
August: |
Malcolm Potts: strategies for prevention |
|
Susan McIntyre and Barbara Janowitz: bridging activities from AIDSTECH to AIDSCAP |
|
Ray Randlett: USAID AIDS prevention strategy |
|
December: |
Pawana Wienrawee, Chanuantong Tanasugarn: conceptual design and planning |
|
Julie Klement, JoAnn Lewis, Ioanna Trilivas: Design Team to write the strategic plan for HIV prevention and control for USAID/Thailand |
|
1992 |
|
January: |
Bob Bernstein: AIDSCAP and UNICEF HIV prevention programs: modeling the epidemic |
|
March: |
Phyllis Forbes: Asia Bureau prevention priorities for Thailand and other countries in the region |
|
Bob Kliesen: bridging activities from AIDSTECH to AIDSCAP |
|
May: |
Ron Roddy: bridging activities from FHI to AIDSCAP |
|
June: |
Carl Kendall: behavioral research strategy |
|
September: |
Peter Lamptey: general program guidance |
|
Jan Hogle: technical discussions and writing on program and subagreement evaluation |
|
Melanie Marlett: potential AIDS impact |
|
October: |
Nancy Williamson, Barbara Janowitz and Susan Palmore: integration of family planning and HIV control |
|
Helene Gayle and Paul DeLay: general program briefing and recommendations |
|
November: |
Tony Schwarzwalder: general program briefing and recommendations; |
|
Jane Begala: AIDS-in-the-workplace technical discussions and writing |
|
December: |
Neil Brenden: program management and policy development |
|
Doris Mugrditchian: TA on STIs |
|
Pawana Wienrawee, Chanuantong Tanasugarn, Sopawadee Suwattanapreechakorn: conceptual design, planning, BCC, training and coordination |
|
Theodore King: general program briefing and guidance |
|
1993 |
|
January: |
Jason Smith: integration of MCH programs with HIV prevention |
|
February: |
Jane Begala: AIDS-in-the-Workplace technical discussions and writing |
|
March: |
Phil Hughes: potential for social marketing and condom logistics issues |
|
May: |
James Chin: interpretation of Thailand epidemiological data and trends |
|
June: |
Debrawork Zewdie: general program guidance and briefing |
|
July: |
Helene Gayle, Victor Barnes, Peter Lamptey and Sheila Mitchell: general program review and recommendations |
|
August: |
Robert Hanenberg: TA in evaluation |
|
Susan Hassig: technical discussions on program evaluation |
|
Phil Hughes: technical discussions on condom logistics |
|
September: |
James Chin: interpretation of Thailand epidemiological data and trends |
|
James Vermillion: Asia Bureau guidance |
|
October: |
Jane Begala: TA in BCC subproject development |
|
Carol Becker: Asia Bureau guidance |
|
Bill Schellstede: AIDSCAP program management |
|
November: |
Ron Roddy: FHI STI clinical trials up-date |
|
December: |
Bill Rau, James Chin, Mike Sweat: training on epidemiology and policy |
|
Jeff Mandel: applied research and utilization of results |
|
David Celantano, Kate Bond: Behavioral research methods |
|
Neil Brenden, Doris Mugrditchian, Pawana Wienrawee, Sopawadee Suwattanapreechakorn, Patchara Benjaratanporn, Blair Brooke: TA in STIs, BCC, evaluation, policy development and program management |
|
1994 |
|
January: |
Nicholas Wright: integrating HIV with STI and family planning services |
|
March: |
Marie Laga: comparative view of STIs in Thailand and Laos with Africa |
|
Glen Wasek, Pete Paterson: condom audit and logistics management |
|
April: |
Julia Critchley: researching sexual networking patterns |
|
May: |
Wayne Weibel: outreach programs for HIV prevention |
|
Judy Gilmore: Asia Bureau guidance |
|
June: |
Jeanine Buzy, Anne Scott: USAID/DC program guidance |
|
Tony Schwarzwalder: program management guidance |
|
August: |
Gina Dallabetta: TA in STIs |
|
Martina Morris: researching sexual networking and epidemic thresholds |
|
Carol Jenkins: anthropological research on sex behavior |
|
Kathleen Norr: conducting controlled interventions with working wives at risk |
|
December: |
Jan Hogle: TA on evaluation |
|
Maxine Ankrah: conducting women and AIDS programs |
|
Sirichai Sirikaya: mass media consultant |
|
Neil Brenden, Stephen Mills, Doris Mugrditchian, Pawana Wienrawee Chalintorn Burian: TA in program management, evaluation, STIs, BCC, training, reporting |
|
Kari Hartwig: TA in program reporting |
|
Wilai Somphan: public relations consultant |
|
1995 |
|
January: |
Jacob Gayle: guidance from USAID/DC |
|
February: |
Jamie Robinson: estimating prevalence of HIV infections in Thailand |
|
March: |
Jeff Mandel: applied research on AIDS and utilization of results |
|
Paul Delay: guidance from USAID/DC |
|
David Celantano: behavioral research methods |
|
April: |
Wilai Somphan: public relations consultant |
|
June: |
Beth Preble: technical guidance from AIDSCAP/HQ |
|
Steve Forsythe: economic impact of Thailand program |
|
Mike Sweat: interpretation of behavioral research findings |
|
November: |
Glen Wasek and Pete Paterson: condom audit |
|
December: |
Sujitta Shanokprasith: program coordination |
|
Sirichai Sirikaya: mass media consultant |
|
1996 |
|
March: |
Denise Rouse: guidance from USAID/DC |
|
May: |
Sheila Mitchell, Thomas Rehle: program evaluation and sustainability |
|
August: |
Sirichai Sirikaya: mass media consultant |
|
Sujitta Shanokprasith: program coordination |
|
Angsana Boonthum: database management |
Attachment C. Summary List of Publications, Products and Other Deliverables
Peer Reviewed Publications
- "Capacity Building and Developing Communication Materials: One Poster's Story." Pawana Wienrawee. Published in AIDScaptions (vol 2, no. 2, July 1995).
- "STD trends in Bangkok give room for cautious optimism in the fight against AIDS." Doris Mugrditchian and Patchara Benjarattanaporn. Published in the World Bank newsletter, AIDS in Asia (no 3, July 1994)
- "Community Mobilization: AIDS prevention in Bangkok." Chanuantong Tanasugarn and Pawana Wienrawee. Published in AIDScaptions (vol 1, no 2 May 1994).
- "Impact of Thailand's HIV-control programme as indicated by the decline of sexually transmitted diseases." Robert Hanenberg, et al. Published in The Lancet (vol 344 July 23, 1994).
- "Sexual Networking in Provincial Thailand." Napaporn Havanon, Anthony Bennett and John Knodel. Published in Studies in Family Planning (vol 24, no 1 January/February 1993).
- "Graduate AIDS Volunteer Project/Bangkok". Somjai Pramanpol and Alisara Chuchart. Journal of Primary Health Care and Development. Vol 7, no. 1. January - June, 1994. Bangkok.
Unpublished Monographs, Documents
-
Revised Thailand Strategic Plan document (1993)
-
Thailand Baseline Assessment (1992)
-
AIDS Policy: The Case of Thailand (1996)
-
Application of a Behavioral Surveillance Survey Tool. AIDSCAP Evaluation Tools Series: Module 4 (1995)
-
Sexual Networking in a Provincial Thai Setting (1992)
-
Inventory of Recent AIDS Research in Thailand (1992)
-
IEC materials review (1996)
-
Opportunities for long-term sustainability of HIV/AIDS prevention in Bangkok's STD clinics and workplaces (1996)
Technical Presentations
- "Sustainability in Bangkok's STD Clinics." Poster presented at the 11th International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver: July 1996.
- "The Socio-economic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Thailand's Workplace". Paper presented at the 11th International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver: July 1996.
- "The Use of Local Technical Working Groups (TWGs) and Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) for Policy Advocacy and Capacity Building: case studies from Nepal, Thailand and Philippines." Poster presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Values Training for NGOs in preparation for Behavioral Change Communication Interventions in Workplace." Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Behavior Change Intervention among Factory Employees in Bangkok through Outreach Communication by Graduate Volunteers." Poster presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Bangkok Fights AIDS: A Community Mobilization Approach." Poster presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Male Health Care-Seeking Behavior related to STDs and AIDS in Bangkok, Thailand. "Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Helping Low-income Housewives reduce Risk of STD and HIV." Poster presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "The Bangkok Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BSS): Methodology and Use in HIV prevention Programming." Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Condom use Trends and Behavioral Differences Between Direct and Indirect Commercial Sex Workers (CSW) in Bangkok, Thailand: Results from the Bangkok Behavioral Surveillance." Poster presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Differences in sexual behavioral and condom negotiation between lower income single women employed in factories and offices in Bangkok, Thailand: Result from the Bangkok Behavioral Surveillance Surveys." Poster presented at the 3rd International Conference on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific, Chiang Mai: September 1995.
- "Behavioral Effects of HIV Outreach Communication and Peer education to Male Laborers in Factories in Bangkok." Paper presented at the 3rd HIV/AIDS Prevention Conference, Washington DC: August 1995.
- "Promoting a sense of Ownership as a Critical Aspect of Capacity Building." Paper presented at the 3rd HIV/AIDS Prevention Conference, Washington DC: August 1995.
- "Male Health Care-Seeking Behavior related to STDs and AIDS in Bangkok, Thailand." Paper presented at the 3rd HIV/AIDS Prevention Conference, Washington DC: August 1995.
- "From Denial to Response: Factors influencing the Evolution of HIV/AIDS Prevention Policies of Royal Thai Government (RTG)." Paper presented at the 3rd HIV/AIDS Prevention Conference, Washington DC: August 1995.
- "The Bangkok Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BSS): Methodology and Use in HIV prevention Programming." Paper presented at the 3rd HIV/AIDS Prevention Conference, Washington DC: August 1995.
- "Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance for HIV prevention programs." Paper presented at the Thailand National Epidemiological Conference, Bangkok: August 1994.
- "Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) trends in Bangkok: A case for cautious optimism in the fight against AIDS." Paper presented at the VIII IUVDT Regional Conference, Chiang Mai: October 1993.
- "The use of sexually transmitted disease (STD) statistics to evaluate Thailand's HIV prevention program." Paper presented at the IX International Conference on AIDS/IV STD Congress, Berlin: June 1993.
Attachment D. BCC materials
Pamphlets/Booklets/Handbooks
- Field workers Handbook/Diary #1, #2, #3, #4
- IEC materials
- His/Hers STI booklet
- STI handbook
- "Male formula for love
- "Women do know how to love"
- "Laughs for Thought" comic book
- Fact sheets for field workers (20 different sheets)
- AIDS handbook for laborers
- 5 cartoon books for low income residence communities
- Pamphlet for blue collar men and women
- Pocket note pad with risk reduction messages
- "Light on Factory outreach" handbook
- Condom use leaflet
- "This is Understanding" general AIDS handbook
Posters/Stickers
- Young girl's dream for safe love affair
- STI symptoms (M/F)
- CSW's dream
- CSW strategy to encourage client condom use
- Man and woman on motorcycle
- 16 sticker designs with slogans/information
Flip charts
- Diagnosis of STIs (private clinics)
- Lost in Love
- Risk of STIs and AIDS (low-income residence communities)
- Counter-top chart for pharmacists
3-D props and models
- Female anatomy model of reproductive organs
- Male anatomy model of reproductive organs
- Talking posters (2 designs)
- Cloth condom bags
- T-shirts with various slogans
- Condom wallet packets
- HIV prevention game set
Audiotape
- Training in STI case management
Videos
- House of Charms
- Secret Plan, Love Plan
- Medley video (low income residence communities)
- Community care for PWAs
- Love By Accident: Female Factory Worker's Story
Billboard
- For motorcycle taxis (2 designs)
Photonovella
Exhibition cut-out panels
Street Theater
- Love By Accident: Female Factory Worker's Story
Newsletters
- "Around the Bush on STD" newsletter
- BMA AIDS Center newsletter
- Thai NGO Coalition on AIDS newsletter
Training Curricula
- Training handbook for factory outreach workers
- Training handbook for factory peer educators
- Training handbook for friends-help-friends
- STI refresher course for government nurses
- STI refresher course for government physicians
- Advanced counseling
- Training manual for District AIDS Committees
Annex 1: List of References
AIDSTECH/FHI. AIDS Control through the STD Network: Case Study of Udorn Province. Monograph. December, 1990.
AIDSTECH/FHI. The Pitsanuloke Model. Monograph. November, 1991.
Carlaw R W et al. "Organization for a community cardiovascular health program: experiences from the Minnesota heart health program." Health Education Quarterly. Vol 11: pp 243-52. 1984.
Cash K. "Peer education reaches young women factory workers in Thailand." AIDScaptions Vol 1, No. 1. December 1993.
Farquhar J et al. "Community education for cardiovascular health." The Lancet. June 4, 1977: pp. 1192 -1195.
Farquhar J. "The community-based model of life style intervention trials." American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 108, No. 2. 1978.
Forsythe S and Wienrawee P. Opportunities for long-term sustainability of HIV/AIDS prevention in Bangkok's STD clinics and workplaces. January 1996.
Foster G. "Raising AIDS awareness through community mobilization." Tropical Doctor Vol. 20, No. 2: pp 68-70. 1990.
Global AIDS News. Ethiopia: hard work for successful AIDS prevention. No. 1: pp 8-9. 1992.
Hanenberg R, Kunasol P, Rojanpitayakorn W and Sokal D. "Impact of Thailand's HIV-control programme as indicated by the decline of sexually transmitted diseases." The Lancet Vol 344. July 23, 1994.
Havanon N, Bennett A and Knodel J. "Sexual Networking in Provincial Thailand." Studies in Family Planning Vol 24, No 1. January/February 1993.
Hawkins D et al. Communities That Care. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. 1992
Israel B. "Social networks and social support: Implications for natural helper and community level interventions." Health Education Quarterly Vol. 12: pp. 66-80. 1985.
Kegeles S, Hays R and Coates T. "The Mpowerment Project: A Community-level HIV Prevention Intervention for Young Gay Men." American Journal of Public Health Vol. 86, No. 8. August 1996.
Murray D. "Dissemination of community health promotion programs: The Fargo-Moorhead Heart Health Program." Journal of School Health Vol. 56, No. 9: pp. 375-381. November 1986.
Rogers E. "Communication Strategies for Family Planning." The Free Press 1973. pp. 71-80.
Tweneboa-Kodua A et al. "Ghana Social Mobilization Analysis." Health Education Quarterly Spring 1991: pp. 125 - 134.
Wagner E et al. "The evaluation of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation's community health promotion grant program." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology Vol. 44, No. 7: pp. 685-699. 1991.
Wiebel W et al. "Positive effect on HIV seroconversion of street outreach intervention with IDU in Chicago: 1988-1992." Paper presented at the IX International Conference on AIDS, June 6-11, 1993.
