In the Biratnagar area of Nepal, a total of 49 sites were identified where injecting drug users (IDU) gather to inject drugs. In these locations, more than 600 male IDUs were estimated. The study could not find any female IDUs in Biratnagar.

Male IDUs in Biratnagar have loose injecting groups/networks. They share syringes with whomever they meet at injecting spots located in the border towns near India.

The majority of male IDUs have sexual contacts with different types of sex workers. Condom use with all types of sex partners is low and inconsistent, despite knowledge about transmission of HIV through unsafe sex and unsafe needle sharing practices.